🔹 Basic Excel Logical Formulas for Beginners (With Easy Examples)
Logical formulas in Excel help you make decisions based on conditions — just like saying “if this happens, do that. It is great for grading, checking values, or showing specific results automatically.
- IF – Test a Condition
Checks if something is true or false, and shows a result based on that.
Formula: =IF(A1>100, “High”, “Low”)
👉 Example: If A1 = 120, result = High; if A1 = 80, result = Low
- IFS – Test Many Conditions
Lets you check multiple conditions in one formula.
Formula: =IFS(A1>90,”A”, A1>80,”B”, A1>70,”C”)
👉 Example: Gives a grade based on score — A, B, or C.
- AND – Check If All Are True
Returns TRUE only if all conditions are met.
Formula: =AND(A1>50, B1<100)
👉 Example: If A1 = 60 and B1 = 90 → TRUE, otherwise FALSE
- OR – Check If Any Is True
Returns TRUE if any one of the conditions is met.
Formula: =OR(A1>50, B1<100)
👉 Example: If either A1 > 50 or B1 < 100 → TRUE
- NOT – Reverse a Condition
Turns TRUE into FALSE and FALSE into TRUE.
Formula: =NOT(A1>10)
👉 Example: If A1 = 15 → FALSE, because A1 is greater than 10.
- IFERROR – Handle Errors Nicely
Shows a custom message or value if a formula gives an error.
Formula: =IFERROR(A1/B1, “Error”)
👉 Example: If B1 = 0, instead of showing #DIV/0!, Excel shows Error
💡 Quick Tip:
Logical formulas are super useful when you combine them.
Example:
=IF(AND(A1>50, B1>50), “Pass”, “Fail”)
👉 Checks two scores and shows “Pass” only if both are above 50.
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